ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE FUTURE OF EVERYTHING

August 26, 2020

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE FUTURE OF EVERYTHING

Have you ever thought of something that might do your work without any human supervision? Imagine you are being lethargic on your bed and you have to do a lot of work, or you are ill and you need to complete your work before the deadline, what will you do? Or Imagine you are too busy at your work and you have been dumped with more work-load and wishing for a helping hand, but you don’t owe one. Well, answers to all these problems and questions lie in one form and that is Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is nothing but the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. The term “artificial intelligence” is often used to describe machines that impersonate psychical functions that humans associate with the human mind. John McCarthy is known as ‘The father of Artificial Intelligence’. According to him, it is “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”. AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems.

History

The cognitive roots of AI and the concept of intelligent machines is found in Greek mythology. Greek myths of Hephaestus, the blacksmith who manufactured mechanical servants, and the bronze man Talos incorporate the idea of intelligent robots. The modern history of AI begins with the development of the stored-program electronic computer. Since the last few decades, there is a high tide of development of AI. In the 1990s, there is a major advancement in all area of AI,

I. Significant demonstrations in machine learning

II. Case-based reasoning

III. Multi-agent planning

IV. Scheduling

V. Data mining, Web Crawler

VI. Natural language understanding and translation

VII. Vision, Virtual Reality

VIII. Games

Timeline of Artificial Intelligence

In the 2000s, interactive robot pets become commercially available. MIT displays Kismet, a robot with a face that expresses emotions. The robot Nomad explores remote regions of Antarctica and locates meteorites. According to Bloomberg’s Jack Clark, 2015 was a landmark year for artificial intelligence, with the number of software projects that use AI within Google increased from a "sporadic usage" in 2012 to more than 2,700 projects. Clark also presents factual data indicating the improvements of AI since 2012 supported by lower error rates in image processing tasks. Since 2011, several virtual assistants like Siri by Apple, Cortona by Microsoft, Alexa by Amazon, etc is been created. In 2016, a humanoid robot named Sophia is created by Hanson Robotics. She is known as the first “robot citizen”.

Goals of Artificial Intelligence

I. Intelligent execution of user request in the operating system.

II. To provide reliability and better support to customers.

III. To create systems that understand, learn and behave like humans for the purpose of learning, behaviour, etc.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence can be categorized in various types, there are mainly two types of the main category which is based on capabilities and based on functionally of AI.

I. Type 1: This is based on capabilities. It is further categorized into 3 types:

(i) Weak or Narrow Artificial Intelligence

(ii) General Artificial Intelligence

(iii) Super or Strong Artificial Intelligence

II. Type 2: This is based on functionality. It is further categorized into 4 types:

(i) Reactive Machines

(ii) Limited Memory

(iii) Theory of Mind

(iv) Self-awareness

What Contributes to Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is a science and technology based on disciplines such as Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering. A major thrust of AI is in the development of computer functions associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and problem-solving.

Applications

Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming essential for today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple industries, such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, industries, recognition, etc. AI is making our daily life more comfortable and efficient.

Human Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence

As we know, intelligence can be defined as a general mental ability for reasoning, problem-solving and learning. Due to its general nature, intelligence integrates cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, or planning. On the basis of this definition, intelligence can be reliably measured by standardized tests with obtained scores predicting several broad social outcomes such as educational achievement, job performance, health, and longevity. So, let’s study the differences between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence in detail.

Head to Head Comparison

Factor	Human Intelligence	Artificial Intelligence
Energy Efficiency	25 watts	2 watts for modern machines
Universal	Humans usually learn how to manage hundreds of different skills during life.	While consuming kilowatts of energy, these machines are usually designed for a few tasks.
Multitasking	The human worker works on multiple responsibilities.	The time needed to teach system on each and every responsibility is considerably high.
Decision Making	Humans have the ability to learn decision making from experienced scenarios.	Even the most advanced robots can hardly compete in mobility with 6 years old child. And this result we have after 60 years of research and development.
State	Brains are an analogue system.	Computers are a digital system.

Key Difference

I. Nature of Existence: Human intelligence revolves around adapting to the environment using a combination of several rational processes, whereas, the field of artificial intelligence focuses on designing machines that can mimic human behaviour.

II. Memory usage: Humans use content memory and thinking whereas, AIs are using built-in instruction designed by scientists.

III. Mode of creation: Human intelligence is bigger because it is the creation of nature and AI is little and temporary, created by humans.

IV. Learning process: Human intelligence is based on the variants they encounter in life and responses they get which may result in millions of functions overall in their lives.

V. Dominance: AIs can beat him in some specific areas such as in chess a supercomputer have beaten the human player due to being able to store all the moves played by all humans so far and being able to think ahead 10 moves as compared to human players.

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

I. Zero human error

II. Zero risks

III. Round-the-clock availability

IV. AI machines have no emotions

V. AI-machines can take decisions fast

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

I. AI-enabled machines incur heavy costs

II. Machines lack creativity

III. AI-enabled machines may kill job employments

IV. No emotions can be daunting at times

V. AI-enabled machines do not understand ethics

AI – Today and Beyond

We are experiencing what will probably remain the biggest achievements for humanity. The global narrative is now on:

I. How to ensure AI doesn’t get out of hand

II. Preventing the misuse of its endless potential

III. Controlling human dependence over AI

IV. Debunking the ideas of AI as an existential threat for the human race

V. Extending the impact of AI on the domains of human life quality, governance, and health

The pace of innovation in the world of AI is frantic. While nobody knows what’s the next big thing is going to be, everybody anticipates it’s just around the corner. I hope this quick crash course in Artificial Intelligence helps you keep things in perspective and truly realise and appreciate the worth of artificial intelligence in our life.

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